Biography of Joseph Henry

Joseph Henry (born December 17, 1797 in Albany, New York) was a physicist known for his pioneering work in electromagnetism, his support and promotion of scientific advancement in America, and for his role as the first secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, which he helped shape into an academic and research center. Fast Facts: Joseph Henry Born: December 17, 1797 in Albany, New YorkDied: May 13, 1878 in Washington, D.C.Known For: Physicist who made pioneering contributions to the understanding and applications of electromagnetism. He served as the first Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, helping cement its reputation as a research organization.Parents’ Names: William Henry, Ann AlexanderSpouse: Harriet AlexanderChildren: William, Helen, Marie, Caroline, and two children who died in infancy Early Life Henry was born December 17, 1797 in Albany, New York to William Henry, a day laborer, and Ann Alexander. Henry was sent to live with his maternal grandmother when he was a boy, and attended school in a town roughly 40 miles from Albany. A few years later, Henry’s father died. When Henry was 13, he moved back to Albany to live with his mother. Motivated to become a performer, he joined an association for theatrical performances. One day, however, Henry read a popular science book called Lectures of Experimental Philosophy, Astronomy and Chemistry, whose probing questions inspired him to pursue further education, first attending night school and then Albany Academy, a college preparatory school. Afterwards, he tutored the family of a general and studied chemistry and physiology in his free time with goal of becoming a doctor. However, Henry became an engineer in 1826, then a professor of mathematics and natural philosophy at Albany Academy. He would stay there from 1826 to 1832. Pioneer of Electromagnetism At Albany Academy, Henry began to study the relationship between electricity and magnetism, a theory that was still undeveloped. However, his teaching commitments, isolation from scientific centers, and lack of resources for performing experiments delayed Henry’s research and prevented him from hearing quickly about new scientific developments. Nevertheless, during his time at Albany, Henry made a number of contributions to electromagnetism, including building one of the first motors that use electromagnets, discovering electromagnetic induction–in which an electric field is generated by a magnetic field–independently of the British scientist Michael Faraday, who is often credited with the discovery, and constructing a telegraph that operated with electromagnets. In 1832, Henry became the chair of natural philosophy at the College of New Jersey—later known as Princeton University—, where he continued to develop his ideas on electromagnetism. In 1837, he was awarded a year-long leave of absence with full salary and he traveled to Europe, where he toured the continents main scientific centers and established his reputation as an international scientist. During his travels, he also met and networked with Michael Faraday. Statue of Joseph Henry, the first Smithsonian secretary who served from 1846 to 1878, outside the Smithsonian Castle July 29, 2013 in Washington, DC. Alex Wong / Getty Images Smithsonian and Beyond In 1846, Henry was made the first secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, which had been established earlier that year. Though Henry was initially reluctant to fulfill the post because he felt that it would take away much time from his research, Henry accepted the position and would remain as secretary for 31 years. Henry played an integral role in the formation of the Institution, proposing a plan to make the Smithsonian Institution increase the â€Å"diffusion of knowledge among men† by facilitating original research through grants, widely circulated reports, and providing ways of publishing reports—thus establishing its reputation as an academic institution and fulfilling its founder’s original wishes. During this time, telegraph lines were being built throughout the country. Henry recognized that they could be used to warn people in different parts of the country of incoming weather conditions. To this end, Henry set up a network, consisting of 600 volunteer observers, that could provide and receive weather reports over many different places in a large area. This would later evolve into the National Weather Service. Henry also encouraged Alexander Graham Bell to invent the telephone. Bell had visited the Smithsonian Institute to learn more about electricity and magnetism from Henry. Bell said that he wanted to invent a device that could transmit the human voice from one end of the device to another, but that he did not know enough about electromagnetism to execute his idea. Henry simply responded, â€Å"Get it.† These two words are believed to have motivated Bell to invent the telephone. From 1861 to 1865, Henry also served as one of then-President Abraham Lincoln’s science advisors, handling the budget and developing ways to conserve resources during the war. Personal Life On May 3, 1820, Henry married Harriet Alexander, a first cousin. They had six children together. Two children died in infancy, while their son, William Alexander Henry, died in 1862. They also had three daughters: Helen, Mary, and Caroline. Henry died in Washington, D.C., on May 13, 1878. He was 80 years old. After Henry died, the inventor of the telephone, Alexander Graham Bell, arranged for Henry’s wife to have free phone service as a token of appreciation for Henry’s encouragement. Legacy Henry is known for his work in electromagnetism and for his role as the secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. At the Smithsonian, Henry proposed and executed a plan that would encourage original scientific research and its dissemination to a wide range of audiences. In electromagnetism, Henry made a number of achievements, which include: Building the first apparatus that used electricity to work. Henry developed a device that could separate ores for an iron factory.Building one of the first electromagnetic motors. Contrasting previous motors that relied on a rotating motion to work, this apparatus consisted of an electromagnet that oscillated on a pole. Though Henry’s invention was more of a thought experiment than something that could be used for practical applications, it helped pave the way for electric motors to be developed.Helping invent the telegraph. One of Henry’s inventions, a high-intensity battery, was used by Samuel Morse as he developed the telegraph, which later enabled the widespread use of electricity.Discovering electromagnetic induction—a phenomenon in which a magnet can induce electricity—independently of Michael Faraday. The SI unit of inductance, the henry, is named after Joseph Henry. Sources â€Å"Henry Bell.† Joseph Henry Project, Princeton University, 2 Dec. 2018, www.princeton.edu/ssp/joseph-henry-project/henry-bell/.Magie, W. F. â€Å"Joseph Henry.† Reviews of Modern Physics, vol. 3, Oct. 1931, pp. 465–495., journals.aps.org/rmp/abstract/10.1103/RevModPhys.3.465.Rittner, Don. A To Z of Scientists in Weather and Climate. Facts on File (J), 2003.Whelan, M., et al. â€Å"Joseph Henry.† Edison Tech Center Engineering Hall of Fame, Edison Tech Center, edisontechcenter.org/JosephHenry.html.

Sociocultural Theory And Second Language Learning

Sociocultural Theory and Second Language Learning â€Å"Language is the most pervasive and powerful cultural artefact that humans possess to mediate their connection to the world, to each other, and to themselves† [Lantolf Thorne 2007:201]. The idea of mediation inherent in this notion of the language is a fundamental element of Sociocultural Theory [SCT], one of the most influential approaches to learning and mental development since the 1990s, drawing its origin from the work of soviet psychologist and semiotist Lev Vygotsky and his colleagues. This essay aims to describe major principles of SCT and its central constructs, particularly Semiotic Mediation and The Zone of Proximal Development and gives examples of related research studies†¦show more content†¦conversation]. 1.1 The Linguistics Mediation of Psychological Processes â€Å"Language as a mean of mediation† According to Wertsch [1985], Vygotsky’s primary concern was with language as a psychological tool. His work paid particular attention to â€Å"the effect signs have on the psychology or cognition of communicating individuals.† [Mertz 1985:11] This postulate implies that the move from elementary to higher mental processes is shaped and mediated by language. Foundation in cognitive development is social interaction, it is .therefore, important to emphasize that this transformation occurs within the social context. At its core, Vygotsky’s theory investigates the mediating role of language in the cognitive development of children, however, the â€Å"social† principles underlying his theory can be applied into L2 context. Stemming from this idea, the process of second language acquisition is understood as a meaning-making collaborative activity. 1.2 Languages Mediating Sociocultural Though [Whorf] â€Å"Language as shaper of ideas† â€Å"You are what you speak† According to Mertz [1985], the process of semiotic mediation described by Whorf is the same as that described by Vygotsky: â€Å"in both cases language is the medium by which external reality shapes internal psychology†[p.12]. Nevertheless, Whorf’s theory differs from Vygotsky’s theory in one aspect. Vygotsky focuses on children’s cognitive development, whereas Whorf â€Å"replaces children’s mental processes by wider-scale cultural

Counseling Ethics Liver Transplant Surgery

Question: Describe about the Counseling Ethics for Liver Transplant Surgery. Answer: Introduction to the Case of Dr Susan Lim Dr. Susan Lim is one of the leading surgeons of Singapore, who is famous for performing the first ever successful liver transplant surgery. However, her popularity decreased after the case of the Brunei family in 2007. She had charged 12million for performing the breast cancer treatment of Queen of Brunes sister. The fee that has been charged by Dr. Lim is considered to be excessive. The Singapore Medical Council has acquired her for not following the moral code of conduct and dis-respecting the ethical rules of the medical practice. She was also responsible for conducting the treatment for 110 days that lasted from January to June 2007. The longer duration of treatment helped Dr. Lim to raise the cost of the bill. The court of Singapore has issued a penalty of $10,000 and canceled her license of surgeons for the 3 years (Harding, 2016). This is one of the significant cases, where the physician is responsible for violating the moral code of medical practice. In this report, the moral dilemma that has occurred in the case of Dr. Lim is being discussed in details. The eight step model of ethical decision making is applied to explain the position of Dr. Lim. The moral position of Dr. Lim is also described along with the limitations of each theory. Moral dilemma faced by Dr Susan Lim In the modern world the physicians and surgeons have to face the challenge of providing high quality treatment to the patients and also lower the cost of medical service. Every medical professionals need to practice certain ethical code of conduct that will help them to ensure the safety of the patients. There are times, when the physicians had to higher the cost of treatment in order to provide the best quality treatment to the patients. However, there are times; the physicians raise the cost of treatment by prescribing unnecessary treatment and also recommending excessive medications. This helps them to increase their earnings and make better profit. For providing treatments to the rich and royal family the doctors often face the moral dilemma for providing the best quality treatment. In the case of Dr. Lim, it is her duty to follow the moral code of conduct and ensure that there is no discrimination that is done with the patients that may lower her reputation. However, as she is p roviding treatment to the Queen of Brunei, who belongs to the royal family, it is her duty to provide the best and advanced quality of treatment. After the incidence excessive billing charge the international reputation of Dr Lim as a renowned physicians will be compromised and she will also not able to practice in all parts of the world. Many patients will also not be able to seek medical treatment advice from her and she will not be able to make her capable contribution to the field of medical world. She will also lose the trust of her patients. The situation of moral dilemma can be resolved using the theories related to the ethical decision making. Application of 8-Step Ethical Decision model The eight steps of ethical decision making is one of the effective techniques that can be applied in order to ensure good ethical decisions are made during the time of ethical dilemma (Iphofen, 2016). Dr. Lim can make effective decisions about the medical treatment using the framework of the ethical decision model. Step one: Gathering of Facts The first step for applying the ethical decision model is gathering of the facts related to the incident (Patuzzo Manganotti, 2014). Dr Lim has to gather the facts about the treatment process and also provide facts like the clinical condition of the queen of Brunei family. With the help of further detail information related to the treatment process Dr. Lim can make need to provide the conclusion about the dilemmatic condition. It is also important to consider the uncertainty of the conditions that related to the treatment provided. The treatment of a disease like the breast cancer is done using the many assumptions. It is important to make sure about the assumptions are also included in the facts that is needed to resolve the ethical dilemma (Navabet al., 2016). Step two: Definition of the ethical issues The second step of the model is to provide definition of about the ethical issues. In this case, Dr. Lim has to define the ethical dilemma of the situation that will help to identify the particular crisis of the situation. It is common for physicians to face the moral dilemma during the time providing quality healthcare service. The expense of medical care needs to be reasonable, which will help to maintain the medical rights of the patients (Sobhani et al. 2016). With the help of proper definition of the ethical issue, it is possible to describe the complexity of the situation and also the exact area of conflict. In the case of Dr. Lim, she has faced the area of conflict is due to the excessive bill amount that she has claimed for doing the treatment of the Brune family member. She has also faced multiple area and elements of conflict that includes keeping the patient for several days and prescribing heavy and unnecessary medications. This has resulted in the serve side-effects of h er patients, which has caused in the worsening conditions of the patients. This is due to the fact that Dr. Lims primary focus to make maximum profit instead of ensuring the safety of the patients. She has also performed heavy diagnostic test on the patient, which had resulted in the worsening condition of the patients. The main ethical issues that is faced by Dr. Lim is due to the heavy billing that is imposed by her and it is essential for her to focus on this major issue instead of focusing on the multiple issues that is faced by her during the treatment. Step 3: Identify of the affected parties In the next step it is important for the physicians to focus on the individual and the groups of people, who are affected due to the ethical issue (Elwyn et al., 2012). In the case of Dr. Lim the primary affected group is the member of the Brune family, who got the treatment of breast cancer. With the identification of the primary stakeholders, who got affected due to the ethical dilemma, Dr. Lim can directly approach the group to settle the matter outside the legal court. She may payback the amount directly to her patient group. This will help to save her reputation to all the public and will also help her to not face the criminal proceedings of the court and face legal challenges. She can also seek help for the secondary stakeholders, who got affected due herb action of moral dilemma. This includes the members of the hospital, where she performed the treatment process. It is important for her to realize the affect of the ethical dilemma and the trouble that is faced by the patient due to her unethical actions. This will help her to take intervention steps to provide compensation to the affected groups. Step 4: Identify the Consequence There are several positive and negative consequences due to the ethical dilemma like situation. For Dr. Lim the primary negative effects are the loss of the reputation that she had to face. She will also face the risk of losing the fame, which she gained due to her past achievements. It is also important to distinguish the difference between the short and the long term consequences of the ethical dilemma (Heyler, 2016). In order to deal with the short term consequences, for Dr. Lim need to take the advice of legal professionals, which will help her to minimize the immediate effects of the court proceedings. On the other hand to deal with the long term consequence, this includes the compromise of the international reputation, Dr. Lim needs to provide treatment to at lower cost and also focus on the quality of care that is provided to the patients. Due to the act of Lim, the reputation of the Singapore medical care is also compromised and people will lose the faith on seeking better qu ality healthcare treatment. However, there is good chance that there will be barriers that will be faced by the Lim while making decisions about the ethical dilemmas. Nevertheless, in order to avoid the adverse consequence of the situation Lim needs to overcome the cognitive barriers that are faced by the organization. Step 5: Identification of the relevant principles, rights and justice issues By taking the assistance of the legal advisors, Dr. Lim needs to understand the ethical principles, which has been violated due to her action. Hence, thereafter she needs to ensure that the intervention steps taken by her do not cause harm to other groups or individual. Effective decision making process is essential to ensure that the consequences unethical actions can be avoided. She can also use the clinical data of her patient to justify about the high cost of treatment that is provided. She may also explain the necessary medical intervention that was required to provide relief to the patient. Step 6: Consideration of personal character and integrity Dr. Lim can also take assistance of her colleague and fellow physicians, who can provide moral support to her. She also needs to seek the support from them, which can help them to enhance the reputation. There are several popular newspapers, which published the incidents and it is the duty of Dr. Lim to provide proper justification of her position and therefore, which will help in the restoration her reputation. She needs to provide justification considering about the patients, who got affected due her unethical practice. Step 7: Creative thinking about the potential actions The justifications that are provided by Dr. Lim need to be strong and have sufficient evidence. This will prevent her opposition group to force her in the corner within the case. She also has to provide alternative justification and resolutions about the situation. She also needs to ensure that the parties, who are attached with her duty also do not get affected due to her decisions. Step 8: Checking of the Gut Finally, it is crucial that the decisions that are made by Dr. Lim are made according to the judicial guidelines. She needs to have clear idea to ensure that the decisions made do not violate the ethical rules. Having good faith and confidence in the decision making process, will help her to ensure to take effective decision. Description of Moral position using two moral theories and its limitations The theory of teleology is based on the moral fact that a decision needs to be made so that it protects the right of every individual. The consequence of every decision also needs to be considered. In case of Dr Lim, the decision of prescribing unnecessary medication and keeping the patient in hospital for longer duration was implemented to have greater profit. The patient group on the other hand, had to face adverse consequence by paying extra bills. This theory is based on the concept of hard universalism (Cockerham, 2014). The main limitation of this theory is that it does not focus on the aim of the situation that give raise an unethical situation. Moreover, it focuses only on the view point of one group and does not consider the opinions and position of the all other groups, who are involved. The Deontology theory or moral dilemma is based on the principle duty, where the right and the wrong side of a situation are judged based on the duty that is being performed (Brody, 2012). In the situation of Dr Lim, her primary duty was to give the best possible treatment to her patient based on the needs of the patient. However, using the fact that her patient belonged from the rich background she raised the cost of the treatment. The main limitation of this theory is that people, who follow the guidelines, do not focus on the ethical issues and blindly focus only on the moral duties. The use of the teleology and deontology theory is appropriate for the case of Dr. Lim as it helps in the matter of dealing with the case of ethical dilemma. As the principles of these theories are related to the case of moral dilemma, which is the main issue in case of Dr Lim, the use of this theory has helped to analyze the situation. It also helps to identify the incidents that has caused the ethical dilemma of the situation. Conclusion In order to seek support due to the legal issues that is faced by Dr Lim, she need to use the 8-step ethical decision making model. This will help her in the process of dilemma that is faced by her during after the incidence of overcharging of medical bill. This model will help her to seek medical support and thereby help in the process of getting moral and legal support. She needs to make effective decision in order to restore her reputation. She also needs to minimize the adverse legal effects, which will help her to avoid cancellation of license. Using the theories of moral dilemma, it can be justified that the action Dr Lim, has violated the ethical guidelines of medical practice and she has ignored the needs of the patient and have only focused on individual needs. Reference Brody, B. A. (Ed.). (2012).Moral theory and moral judgments in medical ethics(Vol. 32). Springer Science Business Media. Cockerham, W.C., 2014.Medical sociology. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Elwyn, G., Frosch, D., Thomson, R., Joseph-Williams, N., Lloyd, A., Kinnersley, P., ... Edwards, A. (2012). Shared decision making: a model for clinical practice.Journal of general internal medicine,27(10), 1361-1367. Heyler, S. G., Armenakis, A. A., Walker, A. G., Collier, D. Y. (2016). A qualitative study investigating the ethical decision making process: A proposed model.The Leadership Quarterly. Iphofen, R. (2016).Ethical decision making in social research: A practical guide. Springer. John Harding, (2016). [online] Available at: https://johnharding.com/2011/03/dr-susan-lims-great-singapore-ripoff/ [Accessed 21 Dec. 2016]. Navab, A., Koegel, R., Dowdy, E., Vernon, T. (2016). Ethical Considerations in the Application of the ScientistPractitioner Model for Psychologists Conducting Intervention Research.Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy,46(2), 79-87. Patuzzo, S., Manganotti, P. (2014). Deep brain stimulation in persistent vegetative states: Ethical issues governing decision making.Behavioural neurology,2014. Sobhani, S., Ghasemian, A., Farzadfar, F., Mashhadinejad, H., Hejrani, B. (2016). Ethical Theories Used by Neurosurgery Residents to Make Decisions in Challenging Cases of Medical Ethics.Neuroethics,9(3), 253-261.

My education Essays - Education In Texas, , Term Papers

My Education Elsy Zavala Education is the key to success in life. According to Wikipedia, ?education is anu act or experience that has a formative effect on the mind, character, or physical ability of an individual. ?According to Merriam-Webster online dictionary, education is ?the action or process of educating or of being educated? and ?the knowledge and development resulting from an educational process.? I agree with the definition of education in the two dictionaries, but my own education experience, but my own educational experience tells me that education also includes motivation, persistence, time management, pains, joy, and support from other people. My High school education is a very important and unforgettable part of my life. I attended Valley View High School in Hidalgo Texas. The school Mascot is a tiger: blue and gold are the colors for Valley View. I graduated from the high school in 2008 without any honors. No, I wasn?t happy knowing that many of my friends did graduate with honors and me without a single ribbon or metal hanging from my neck, but I knew everything was because during my high school year and most of my senior year I decided to have fun and put my education behind. Math was my biggest weakness subject throughout my high school year. I struggled a lot with algebra I couldn?t understand how we would get so may numbers and letters from just a simple problem. Even though I attended Saturday tutoring and also even stayed after school I wouldn?t improve anything; nothing would stay stuck in my brain. Mr. De Leon a teacher who would help students understand the subject well and see what was the main problem for a s tudent not understanding the subject finding a solution. He made a huge improvement on me and when we would get together to study for quizzes , test and for the TAKS, a big challenge that with hard worked and effort I passed thanks to Mr.De Leon. English class was fun and the teachers made it easier to understand. I wasn?t so good on the subject or my spelling has been never so good. My grammar and punctuations are my weakness in the subject and can write many things on a essay because I have a lot imagination but everything without a period at the end because I just like to keep on going writing nonstop. Thank God I did pass my essay in the TAKS, I wouldn?t never get lower grades on the writing part or a high grade I was just ok. I was in extracurricular activities after school, for example; mariachi, flags and sports. I would play any type of sports like soccer, basketball, volleyball, softball and track. Sports and the other activities because if I wouldn?t pass, I wouldn?t play. I decide to go to South Texas College because I decided to keep on going on my education, besides STC is not expensive and it makes you feel like if you?re still in high school with all the help that the teachers provide for us. My personal education in high school was challenging and was not as well as today is STC. I wish I could know everything I know today but back than so more things would have sense in my education. When I first attended STC I realize that know I was on my own that I had to become more responsible it was challenging at the beginning but as I meet teachers students things became more easier. Writing class is easy but you need presistance, time, and practice to become better every single day. I handle the writing course with patience but so According to a physical therapists you earn more than $104,350 in the median annual wages in the highest ten percent. In a home health cares you earn 77,630, in a nursing care facilities your earn 76,680, at a general medical and surgical hospitals is 73,270 and lastly in a offices of other health practitioners you earn 71,400. A physical therapists, is a healthcare professional who diagnose and treats individuals of allages, from newborns to the very oldest, who have medical problems or other health-related conditions, illnesses, or injuries. They also promote the ability to move,